A new report warns that plans for oil, gas and coal will make it harder to limit global warming to 2 degrees Celsius or less.

A program approved by the Legislature would mirror efforts in Alabama and Louisiana that help homeowners install wind-resistant roofs.

Lower gasoline prices and higher electricity costs have negated EVs' financial advantage. Those factors can change quickly.

The country’s third party said the policy, adopted in 2019, is “no longer practically possible."

“Climate change is rapidly and actively changing the geopolitical dynamics” in the region, an Arctic researcher says.

Scientists at China’s Tsinghua University found that early deaths could rise to six times the levels of 2010-2014 by next century.

The Chinese manufacturer participated in project bidding for the 26-megawatt turbine, obtaining “a small batch” of orders, said an official.

The Southeast Asian city-state aims to boost trade with Africa and meet its own net-zero ambitions.

The artificial intelligence models that turn text into images are also useful for generating new materials. Over the last few years, generative materials models from companies like Google, Microsoft, and Meta have drawn on their training data to help researchers design tens of millions of new materials.

But when it comes to designing materials with exotic quantum properties like superconductivity or unique magnetic states, those models struggle. That’s too bad, because humans could use the help. For example, after a decade of research into a class of materials that could revolutionize quantum computing, called quantum spin liquids, only a dozen material candidates have been identified. The bottleneck means there are fewer materials to serve as the basis for technological breakthroughs.

Now, MIT researchers have developed a technique that lets popular generative materials models create promising quantum materials by following specific design rules. The rules, or constraints, steer models to create materials with unique structures that give rise to quantum properties.

“The models from these large companies generate materials optimized for stability,” says Mingda Li, MIT’s Class of 1947 Career Development Professor. “Our perspective is that’s not usually how materials science advances. We don’t need 10 million new materials to change the world. We just need one really good material.”

The approach is described today in a paper published by Nature Materials. The researchers applied their technique to generate millions of candidate materials consisting of geometric lattice structures associated with quantum properties. From that pool, they synthesized two actual materials with exotic magnetic traits.

“People in the quantum community really care about these geometric constraints, like the Kagome lattices that are two overlapping, upside-down triangles. We created materials with Kagome lattices because those materials can mimic the behavior of rare earth elements, so they are of high technical importance.” Li says.

Li is the senior author of the paper. His MIT co-authors include PhD students Ryotaro Okabe, Mouyang Cheng, Abhijatmedhi Chotrattanapituk, and Denisse Cordova Carrizales; postdoc Manasi Mandal; undergraduate researchers Kiran Mak and Bowen Yu; visiting scholar Nguyen Tuan Hung; Xiang Fu ’22, PhD ’24; and professor of electrical engineering and computer science Tommi Jaakkola, who is an affiliate of the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) and Institute for Data, Systems, and Society. Additional co-authors include Yao Wang of Emory University, Weiwei Xie of Michigan State University, YQ Cheng of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and Robert Cava of Princeton University.

Steering models toward impact

A material’s properties are determined by its structure, and quantum materials are no different. Certain atomic structures are more likely to give rise to exotic quantum properties than others. For instance, square lattices can serve as a platform for high-temperature superconductors, while other shapes known as Kagome and Lieb lattices can support the creation of materials that could be useful for quantum computing.

To help a popular class of generative models known as a diffusion models produce materials that conform to particular geometric patterns, the researchers created SCIGEN (short for Structural Constraint Integration in GENerative model). SCIGEN is a computer code that ensures diffusion models adhere to user-defined constraints at each iterative generation step. With SCIGEN, users can give any generative AI diffusion model geometric structural rules to follow as it generates materials.

AI diffusion models work by sampling from their training dataset to generate structures that reflect the distribution of structures found in the dataset. SCIGEN blocks generations that don’t align with the structural rules.

To test SCIGEN, the researchers applied it to a popular AI materials generation model known as DiffCSP. They had the SCIGEN-equipped model generate materials with unique geometric patterns known as Archimedean lattices, which are collections of 2D lattice tilings of different polygons. Archimedean lattices can lead to a range of quantum phenomena and have been the focus of much research.

“Archimedean lattices give rise to quantum spin liquids and so-called flat bands, which can mimic the properties of rare earths without rare earth elements, so they are extremely important,” says Cheng, a co-corresponding author of the work. “Other Archimedean lattice materials have large pores that could be used for carbon capture and other applications, so it’s a collection of special materials. In some cases, there are no known materials with that lattice, so I think it will be really interesting to find the first material that fits in that lattice.”

The model generated over 10 million material candidates with Archimedean lattices. One million of those materials survived a screening for stability. Using the supercomputers in Oak Ridge National Laboratory, the researchers then took a smaller sample of 26,000 materials and ran detailed simulations to understand how the materials’ underlying atoms behaved. The researchers found magnetism in 41 percent of those structures.

From that subset, the researchers synthesized two previously undiscovered compounds, TiPdBi and TiPbSb, at Xie and Cava’s labs. Subsequent experiments showed the AI model’s predictions largely aligned with the actual material’s properties.

“We wanted to discover new materials that could have a huge potential impact by incorporating these structures that have been known to give rise to quantum properties,” says Okabe, the paper’s first author. “We already know that these materials with specific geometric patterns are interesting, so it’s natural to start with them.”

Accelerating material breakthroughs

Quantum spin liquids could unlock quantum computing by enabling stable, error-resistant qubits that serve as the basis of quantum operations. But no quantum spin liquid materials have been confirmed. Xie and Cava believe SCIGEN could accelerate the search for these materials.

“There’s a big search for quantum computer materials and topological superconductors, and these are all related to the geometric patterns of materials,” Xie says. “But experimental progress has been very, very slow,” Cava adds. “Many of these quantum spin liquid materials are subject to constraints: They have to be in a triangular lattice or a Kagome lattice. If the materials satisfy those constraints, the quantum researchers get excited; it’s a necessary but not sufficient condition. So, by generating many, many materials like that, it immediately gives experimentalists hundreds or thousands more candidates to play with to accelerate quantum computer materials research.”

“This work presents a new tool, leveraging machine learning, that can predict which materials will have specific elements in a desired geometric pattern,” says Drexel University Professor Steve May, who was not involved in the research. “This should speed up the development of previously unexplored materials for applications in next-generation electronic, magnetic, or optical technologies.”

The researchers stress that experimentation is still critical to assess whether AI-generated materials can be synthesized and how their actual properties compare with model predictions. Future work on SCIGEN could incorporate additional design rules into generative models, including chemical and functional constraints.

“People who want to change the world care about material properties more than the stability and structure of materials,” Okabe says. “With our approach, the ratio of stable materials goes down, but it opens the door to generate a whole bunch of promising materials.”

The work was supported, in part, by the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, the National Science Foundation, and Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

Nature Climate Change, Published online: 22 September 2025; doi:10.1038/s41558-025-02409-8

Natural disturbances, such as windthrows, pest outbreaks and wildfires, pose a major economic threat for the forestry sector. By coupling spatially explicit ecological and economic forest models, this study assesses the costs of natural disturbances under current and future climate conditions for all of Europe.

Nature Climate Change, Published online: 22 September 2025; doi:10.1038/s41558-025-02447-2

C40 is a global network of mayors united in a commitment to climate change action. Since its inception in 2005, C40 has grown to include nearly 100 of the world’s cities, maintaining high standards that focus on inclusivity, collaboration and science-based approaches to combat climate change. We interviewed members of the C40 organization, including mayors of its member cities, to ask about the history, success and challenges of C40, and their plans for future action.

Nature Climate Change, Published online: 22 September 2025; doi:10.1038/s41558-025-02423-w

Private sectors play an important role in global adaptation efforts, yet we have a limited understanding of their investment patterns. With firm adaptation expenditure data across five coastal urban areas, this research shows how adaptation investment differs across regions and sectors.

Nature Climate Change, Published online: 22 September 2025; doi:10.1038/s41558-025-02435-6

Coastal settlement retreat reflects human behavioural adaptation to increasing coastal climate hazards. Using night-time light data over 1992–2019, this study finds that over half of global coastal settlements have retreated, driven by insufficient infrastructure protection and adaptive capacity.

The Martin Trust Center for MIT Entrepreneurship strives to teach students the craft of entrepreneurship. Over the last few years, no technology has changed that craft more than artificial intelligence.

While many are predicting a rapid and complete transformation in how startups are built, the Trust Center’s leaders have a more nuanced view.

“The fundamentals of entrepreneurship haven’t changed with AI,” says Trust Center Entrepreneur in Residence Macauley Kenney. “There’s been a shift in how entrepreneurs accomplish tasks, and that trickles down into how you build a company, but we’re thinking of AI as another new tool in the toolkit. In some ways the world is moving a lot faster, but we also need to make sure the fundamental principles of entrepreneurship are well-understood.”

That approach was on display during this summer’s delta v startup accelerator program, where many students regularly turned to AI tools but still ultimately relied on talking to their customers to make the right decisions for their business.

Students in this year’s cohort used AI tools to accelerate their coding, draft presentations, learn about new industries, and brainstorm ideas. The Trust Center is encouraging students to use AI as they see fit while also staying mindful of the technology’s limitations.

The Trust Center itself has also embraced AI, most notably through Jetpack, its generative AI app that walks users through the 24 steps of disciplined entrepreneurship outlined in Managing Director Bill Aulet’s book of the same name. When students input a startup idea, the tool can suggest customer segments, early markets to pursue, business models, pricing, and a product plan.

The ways the Trust Center wants students to use Jetpack is apparent in its name: It’s inspired by the acceleration a jetpack provides, but users still need to guide its direction.

Even with AI technology’s current limitations, the Trust Center’s leaders acknowledge it can be a powerful tool for people at any stage of building a business, and their use of AI will continue to evolve with the technology.

“It’s undeniable we’re in the midst of an AI revolution right now,” says Entrepreneur in Residence Ben Soltoff. “AI is reshaping a lot of things we do, and it’s also shaping how we do entrepreneurship and how students build companies. The Trust Center has recognized that for years, and we’ve welcomed AI into how we teach entrepreneurship at all levels, from the earliest stages of idea formation to exploring and testing those ideas and understanding how to commercialize and scale them.”

AI’s strengths and weaknesses

For the past few years, when the Trust Center’s delta v staff get together for strategic retreats, AI has been a central topic. The delta v program’s organizers think about how students can get the most out of the technology each year as they plan their summer-long curriculum.

Everything starts with Orbit, the mobile app designed to help students find entrepreneurial resources, network with peers, access mentorship, and identify events and jobs. Jetpack was added to Orbit last year. It is trained on Aulet’s “Disciplined Entrepreneurship” as well as former Trust Center Executive Director Paul Cheek’s “Startup Tactics” book.

The Trust Center describes Jetpack’s outputs as first drafts designed to help students brainstorm their next steps.

“You need to verify everything when you are using AI to build a business,” says Kenney, who is also a lecturer at MIT Sloan and MIT D-Lab. “I have yet to meet anyone who will base their business on the output of something like ChatGPT without verifying everything first. Sometimes, the verification can take longer than if you had done the research yourself from the beginning.”

One company in this year’s cohort, Mendhai Health, uses AI and telehealth to offer personalized physical therapy for women struggling with pelvic floor dysfunction before and after childbirth.

“AI has definitely made the entrepreneurial process more efficient and faster,” says MBA student Aanchal Arora. “Still, overreliance on AI, at least at this point, can hamper your understanding of customers. You need to be careful with every decision you make.”

Kenney notes the way large language models are built can make them less useful for entrepreneurs.

“Some AI tools can increase your speed by doing things like automatically sorting your email or helping you vibe code apps, but many AI tools are built off averages, and those can be less effective when you’re trying to connect with a very specific demographic,” Kenney says. “It’s not helpful to have AI tell you about an average person, you need to personally have strong validation that your specific customer exists. If you try to build a tool for an average person, you may build a tool for no one at all.”

Students eager to embrace AI may also be overwhelmed by the sheer volume of tools available today. Fortunately, MIT students have a long history of being at the forefront of any new technology, and this year’s delta v cohort featured teams leveraging AI at the core of their solutions and in every step of their entrepreneurial journeys.

MIT Sloan MBA candidate Murtaza Jameel, whose company Cognify uses AI to simulates user interactions with websites and apps to improve digital experiences, describes his firm as an AI-native business.

“We’re building a design intelligence tool that replaces product testing with instant, predictive simulations of user behavior,” Jameel explains. “We’re trying to integrate AI into all of our processes: ideation, go to market, programming. All of our building has been done with AI coding tools. I have a custom bot that I’ve fed tons of information about our company to, and it’s a thought partner I’m speaking to every single day.”

The more things change…

One of the fundamentals the Trust Center doesn’t see changing is the need for students to get out of the lab or the classroom to talk to customers.

“There are ways that AI can unlock new capabilities and make things move faster, but we haven’t turned our curriculum on its head because of AI,” Soltoff says. “In delta v, we stress first and foremost: What are you building and who are you building it for? AI alone can’t tell you who your customer is, what they want, and how you can better serve their needs. You need to go out into the world to make that happen.”

Indeed, many of the biggest hurdles delta v teams faced this summer looked a lot like the hurdles entrepreneurs have always faced.

“We were prepared at the Trust Center to see a big change and to adapt to that, but the companies are still building and encountering the same challenges of customer identification, beachhead market identification, team dynamics,” Kenney says. “Those are still the big meaty challenges they’ve always been working on.”

Amid endless hype about AI agents and the future of work, many founders this summer still said the human side of delta v is what makes the program special.

“I came to MIT with one goal: to start a technology company,” Jameel says. “The delta v program was on my radar when I was applying to MIT. The program gives you incredible access to resources — networks, mentorship, advisors. Some of the top folks in our industry are advising us now on how to build our company. It’s really unique. These are folks who have done what you’re doing 10 or 20 years ago, all just rooting for you. That’s why I came to MIT.”

In recent years, power outages caused by extreme weather or substation attacks have exposed the vulnerability of the electric grid. For the nation’s military bases, which are served by the grid, being ready for outages is a matter of national security. What better way to test readiness than to cut the power?

Lincoln Laboratory is doing just that with its Energy Resilience Readiness Exercises (ERREs). During an exercise, a base is disconnected from the grid, testing the ability of backup power systems and service members to work through failure. Lasting up to 15 hours, each exercise mimics a real outage event with limited forewarning to the base population.

“No one thought that this kind of real-world test would be accepted. We’ve now done it at 33 installations, impacting over 800,000 people,” says Jean Sack ’13, SM ’15, who leads the program with Christopher Lashway and Annie Weathers in the laboratory's Energy Systems Group.

According to a Department of Energy report, 70 percent of the nation’s transmission lines are approaching end of life. This aging infrastructure, combined with increasing power demands and interdependencies, threatens cascading failures. In response, the Department of Defense (DoD) has sharpened its focus on energy resilience, or the ability to anticipate, withstand, and recover from outages. On a base, an outage could disrupt critical missions, open the door to physical or cyberattacks, and cut off water supplies.

“Threats to this already-fragile system are increasing. That's why this work is so important,” Sack says. 

Safely cutting power

Before an exercise, the laboratory team works closely with base leadership and infrastructure personnel to carefully plan how it will safely disconnect from utility power. Over multiple site visits, they study each building and mission to understand power capabilities, ensure health and safety, and develop contingency plans.

“We get people together who may never have spoken before, but depend on one another. We like to say ‘connecting mission owners to their utility providers,’” says Lashway, a former electrician turned energy-systems researcher. “The planning process is a huge learning opportunity, and a chance to fix issues ahead of the outage.”

On the day of the outage, laboratory staff are on site to ensure the process runs smoothly, but the base is meant to run the exercise. Since beginning in 2018, the ERRE campaign has reached huge installations, including Fort Bragg, a U.S. Army base in North Carolina that sees nearly 150,000 people daily, and sites as far away as England and Japan.

The key is to not limit its scope. All facilities and missions, especially those that are critical, should be included, and service members are tasked with working through issues. To make exercises even more useful as an evaluation of readiness, some are modified with scripted scenarios simulating real-world incidents. These scenarios might challenge personnel to handle a cyberattack to control systems, shutdown of a backup power plant, or a rocket launch during an outage.

“We can do all the tabletop exercises in the world, but when you actually pull the plug, the question is, what actually goes on?” former assistant secretary of defense for sustainment Robert McMahon said at a joint House Armed Services subcommittee hearing about initial exercises. “Perhaps the most important lesson that I've seen is a lack of appreciation and understanding by our senior leaders at the installation level, all the way up to my level, of what we thought was going to happen versus what actually occurred, and then being able to apply those lessons learned.”

Illuminating issues

The ERREs have brought to light common issues across bases. One of them is a reliance on fragile or faulty backup systems. For example, electronic equipment experiences a hard shutdown if it isn't supported by a backup battery to bridge power transitions. In some instances, these battery systems failed or unexpectedly depleted due to age or generator issues. “We see a giant comms room drop out, and then phones and computers don’t work. It emphasizes the need for redundancies,” Lashway says.

Generators also present issues. Some fail because they aren’t regularly serviced or refueled through the long outage. Sometimes, personnel mistakenly assumed a generator would support their entire building, requiring reconfigurations after the fact. Air conditioning systems are often excluded from generator-supported emergency circuits, but rooms with a large number of computers generate a lot of heat, and overheated equipment quickly shuts down.

The exercises also unveiled interdependencies and chain reactions. In one case, a fire-suppression system accidentally went off, dousing a hangar in foam. The cause was a pressure drop at the same exact moment a switch reset.

“Executing an operation at this scale stresses how each of these factors need to work harmoniously and efficiently to ensure that the base, and ultimately missions, remain functional,” Lashway says.

Beyond resolving technical issues, the exercises have been valuable for practicing coordination and following chains of command. They’ve also revealed social challenges of operating through outages. For instance, some DoD guidance restricts the use of generators at daycare centers, so parents needed to coordinate care while maintaining their mission. 

After an exercise, the laboratory compiles all findings in a report for the base. It provides time stamps of significant events by building, identifies links between issues, and summarizes common problems site-wide. It then provides recommendations to address vulnerabilities. “Our goal is to provide as much justification as possible for the base to get the resources they need to fix a problem,” Sack says. 

The researchers also want to help bases prevent issues and avoid costly repairs. Recently, they’ve been using power meters to capture electrical data before, during, and after an exercise. These monitoring tools reveal power-quality issues that are otherwise hidden.

“Not all power is created equal, and standards must be followed to ensure equipment, especially specialized military equipment, operates properly and doesn’t get damaged over the long term. Power metering provides a view into that,” says Lashway.

Sparking resiliency ahead

Lincoln Laboratory’s ERRE campaign has resulted in legislation. In 2021, Congress passed a law requiring each military branch to perform at least five ERREs, or "Black Start Exercises," per year through 2027. That law was recently reauthorized until 2032. The team has transitioned the ERRE process to two private companies, as well as within the Air Force and Army, to conduct exercises in the coming years.

“It's very exciting that this got Congress' attention and has scaled across the DoD,” says Nick Judson, who leads the portfolio of energy, water, and natural hazard resilience efforts within the Energy Systems Group. “This idea started out as a way to enable change on DoD installations, and included a lot of difficult conversations about turning the power off to critical missions, and now we're seeing significant improvements to the readiness of bases and their missions.”

It may even be encouraging some healthy competition across the services, Lashway says. At a recent regional event in Colorado, three U.S. Space Force installations each vied to push the scope and duration of their exercises.

The team’s focus is now turning to related analysis, such as water resiliency. Water and wastewater systems are vulnerable to disruptions beyond power outages, including equipment failure, sabotage, or water source depletion.

“We are conducting tabletop exercises and workshops uniting stakeholders around the importance of water and wastewater systems to enable missions,” says Amelia Servi, who leads this work. “So far, we’ve seen great engagement from groups managing water systems who have been seeking funds to fix these aging systems, and from missions who have previously taken water for granted.”

They are also working on long-term energy planning, including ways for installations to be less dependent on the grid. One way is to install microgrids, which are self-sufficient systems that can tap into stored energy. According to Sack, microgrids are highly customized and complicated to operate, so one goal is to design a standardized system. The team's recent power-metering data is providing useful initial inputs into such a design.

The researchers are also considering how this work could improve energy resiliency for civilians. Large-scale exercises might not be feasible for the public, but they could be conducted in areas important to public safety, or in places that rely on military resources. During one exercise in Georgia, city residents partially depended upon a base's power plant, so that exercise included working with the city to ensure its resiliency to the outage.

“Striking that balance of testing readiness without causing harm is a big challenge in this field and a huge motivation for us,” Sack says. “We are encouraged by the outcomes. Our work is impacting the services at the highest level, rewriting infrastructure policy, and making sure people can better sustain operations during grid disruptions.”

A comparison aimed at kids.

This is the third installment in a blog series documenting EFF's findings from the Stop Censoring Abortion campaign. You can read additional posts here. 

Imagine sharing information about reproductive health care on social media and receiving a message that your content has been removed for violating a policy intended to curb online extremism. That’s exactly what happened to one person using Instagram who shared her story with our Stop Censoring Abortion project.

Meta’s rules for “Dangerous Organizations and Individuals” (DOI) were supposed to be narrow: a way to prevent the platform from being used by terrorist groups, organized crime, and those engaged in violent or criminal activity. But over the years, we’ve seen these rules applied in far broader—and more troubling—ways, with little transparency and significant impact on marginalized voices.

EFF has long warned that the DOI policy is opaque, inconsistently enforced, and prone to overreach. The policy has been critiqued by others for its opacity and propensity to disproportionately censor marginalized groups.

Samantha Shoemaker's post about Plan C was flagged under Meta's policy on dangerous organizations and individuals

Meta has since added examples and clarifications in its Transparency Center to this and other policies, but their implementation still leaves users in the dark about what’s allowed and what isn’t.

The case we received illustrates just how harmful this lack of clarity can be. Samantha Shoemaker, an individual sharing information about abortion care, shared straightforward, facts about accessing abortion pills. Her posts included:

• A video linking to Plan C’s website, which lists organizations that provide abortion pills in different states.
  
  
• A reshared image from Plan C’s own Instagram account encouraging people to learn about advance provision of abortion pills.
  
  
• A short clip of women talking about their experiences taking abortion pills.

Information Provided to Users Must Be Accurate

Instead of allowing her to facilitate informed discussion, Instagram flagged some of her posts under its “Prescription Drugs” policy, while others were removed under the DOI policy—the same set of rules meant to stop violent extremism from being shared.

We recognize that moderation systems—both human and automated—will make mistakes. But when Meta equates medically accurate, harm-reducing information about abortion with “dangerous organizations,” it underscores a deeper problem: the blunt tools of content moderation disproportionately silence speech that is lawful, important, and often life-saving.

At a time when access to abortion information is already under political attack in the United States and around the world, platforms must be especially careful not to compound the harm. This incident shows how overly broad rules and opaque enforcement can erase valuable speech and disempower users who most need access to knowledge.

And when content does violate the rules, it’s important that users are provided with accurate information as to why. An individual sharing information about health care will undoubtedly be confused or upset by being told that they have violated a policy meant to curb violent extremism. Moderating content responsibly means offering the greatest transparency and clarity to users as possible. As outlined in the Santa Clara Principles on Transparency and Accountability in Content Moderation, users should be able to readily understand:

• What types of content are prohibited by the company and will be removed, with detailed guidance and examples of permissible and impermissible content;
• What types of content the company will take action against other than removal, such as algorithmic downranking, with detailed guidance and examples on each type of content and action; and
• The circumstances under which the company will suspend a user’s account, whether permanently or temporarily.

What You Can Do if Your Content is Removed

If you find your content removed under Meta’s policies, you do have options:

• Appeal the decision: Every takedown notice should give you the option to appeal within the app. Appeals are sometimes reviewed by a human moderator rather than an automated system.
• Request Oversight Board review: In certain cases, you can escalate to Meta’s independent Oversight Board, which has the power to overturn takedowns and set policy precedents.
• Document your case: Save screenshots of takedown notices, appeals, and your original post. This documentation is essential if you want to report the issue to advocacy groups or in future proceedings.
• Share your story: Projects like Stop Censoring Abortion collect cases of unjust takedowns to build pressure for change. Speaking out, whether to EFF and other advocacy groups or to the media, helps illustrate how policies harm real people.

Abortion is health care. Sharing information about it is not dangerous—it’s necessary. Meta should allow users to share vital information about reproductive care. The company must also ensure that users are provided with clear information about how their policies are being applied and how to appeal seemingly wrongful decisions.

This is the third post in our blog series documenting the findings from our Stop Censoring Abortion campaign. Read more in the series: https://www.eff.org/pages/stop-censoring-abortion   

The Atlantic Council has published its second annual report: “Mythical Beasts: Diving into the depths of the global spyware market.”

Too much good detail to summarize, but here are two items:

First, the authors found that the number of US-based investors in spyware has notably increased in the past year, when compared with the sample size of the spyware market captured in the first Mythical Beasts project. In the first edition, the United States was the second-largest investor in the spyware market, following Israel. In that edition, twelve investors were observed to be domiciled within the United States—­whereas in this second edition, twenty new US-based investors were observed investing in the spyware industry in 2024. This indicates a significant increase of US-based investments in spyware in 2024, catapulting the United States to being the largest investor in this sample of the spyware market. This is significant in scale, as US-based investment from 2023 to 2024 largely outpaced that of other major investing countries observed in the first dataset, including Italy, Israel, and the United Kingdom. It is also significant in the disparity it points to ­the visible enforcement gap between the flow of US dollars and US policy initiatives. Despite numerous US policy actions, such as the addition of spyware vendors on the ...

As governor of North Dakota, Doug Burgum bragged about his state’s wind energy. He shed those views when he became Interior secretary.

They want the scientist to explain how DOE's now-disbanded climate group was formed to write a skeptical report on global warming.